Things You Should Know About Informal Essay Topics List

Things You Should Know About Informal Essay Topics List It's possible to find more topic ideas by obeying the suggested link. You are able to also have the views of experts on the subject. Just keep in mind that while you're supposed to present the topic objectively, you still ought to use a sophisticated style. The topics aren't restricted to the above topics only, you can always locate an inspiration from different sources and write about them. Before studying the top rated informative essay topics, it is necessary to ask what makes a great topic. In case the topic isn't assigned, you'll need to select your own topic. Your subject of choice dictates the period of your body section. In as far as choosing the appropriate essay topics is concerned, the guideline is normally to try and be sure that your subject of choice is the one which does interest you. It is vital to know what kind of essay you're going to write and what's the very best approach to write it. In truth, it's quite simple to conserve a life and it takes just a small bit of your time. You need to be able to thoroughly cover this issue in the quantity of time you're given. You could also add an appropriate example to create your point clear. The Secret to Informal Essay Topics List Do not be concerned, EssayPro is here in order to teach our students everything they will need to learn about crafting an informative essay! Students who find it challengin g to compose an informative essay after reviewing examples and suggestions from experts don't need to panic. If you're not fond of essay writing, or you've got zero time for it, you could always request assistance of our professional group of specialists in multiple hundred subject fields. Essay writing is a significant aspect in the life span of a student since there'll be more than 1 essay that you must write during your school life. Informative essay is an opportunity to explain important facts. Once you get your proposal essay ideas, it's the right time to begin writing. Certain informative essay issues demand a lengthy period to finish a last paper. Much like the essay type name suggests, it's intended to inform. The standard of your topic will find out the grading of the paper. You could begin by listing terms concerning your subject of choice. In some instances, you will be supplied a topic or list of choices from which to pick. The process isn't easy if you don't have enough info. There are several different topics that you can use in writing process essays. While informal essays don't need specific understanding of particular topics, we recommend that you look at the info you use while writing. If you still struggle to find something which it is possible to write about, you always have the option to consider our professional quick essay writing service. Writing quality essays is the principal role of our services. If at all possible, have another person read your essay and provide their tips for improvement. A methodical strategy is necessary to compose a process essay. You won't have the ability to fully grasp how to compose an informative essay without a crystal clear comprehension of its outline and structure. Even though it's an informal essay you're working on, becoming too informal might force you to get rid of a steady grip. You are able to also learn the way your essay should look. The essay needs to be informative and encourage at the exac t moment. If your essay is complex and is challenging to dissect, it's a failure. You shouldn't find it particularly hard to compose an informative essay. A thesis has to be arguable like in an argumentative or persuasive essay to create the readers wish to debate. Most the topics utilized for writing process essays are associated with academics. To begin with, you have to comprehend what distinguishes informative essays from some other varieties of academic papers. Also, be certain that you take a look at good examples of informative essays before you get started writing yours.

Ap Quiz - 3155 Words

AP WORLD HISTORY MRS. HEFFERNAN NAME: _____________________________________ PERIOD: _____ QUIZ: CHAPTER 16 17 MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. ______ 1) How was the global trade network of the 15th century different from that of previous eras? A) Trade prior to the 15th century was limited to the Western Hemisphere. B) In previous eras, most attention was given to the development of larger regional economies and cultural zones, rather than a truly global network. C) There was no trade between civilizations prior to the 15th century. D) Trade in previous eras was almost entirely in the hands of the West. E) It was controlled by the Chinese due to†¦show more content†¦D) Spain exported more finished goods than it imported due to the high quality of its artisans and craftsmen. E) Spain s interests were increasingly directed toward the destruction of the Ottoman Empire. ______ 11) What economic policy encouraged the development of colonies, particularly by northern Europe countries? A) Socialism B) Boycotts C) Free trade D) Communism E) Mercantilism ______ 12) The dominant commercial nations of northern Europe comprised the __________ zone of the world economy. ______ A) core B) dependent C) peripheral D) free trade E) negative trade ______ 13) Dependence in the world economy and the consequent need to produce unprocessed goods cheaply led to the development of __________ labor systems. A) dependant B) coercive C) independent D) free E) socialist ______ 14) Which of the following statements concerning the relationship between Asian civilizations and the world commercial network of the 16th and 17th centuries is NOT accurate? A) Asian civilizations had ample political strength and economic sophistication to avoid dependent status. 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A History of Theatrical Illumination Essay Example For Students

A History of Theatrical Illumination Essay Lighting as part of the theatrical experience. The evolution of lighting techniques and theatrical structures from candles to bulbs. Electricity: its effects and advantages. Typical lighting devices of the 17th to 19th centuries. Contemporary methods as used in Cirque du Soleils Dralion. Realizations surrounding the practical process that grew into a profound art Theatrical lighting has undergone significant changes from its first utilization to modern application. Illumination is essential to the theatrical experience we are familiar with. When the lights come up, the mood is set. Lighting in a performance context manipulates the audiences attention to focus on what the director has deemed important. When an actor or space is no longer an integral part the lights around them dim, dismissing that component and refocusing on what is lit. This process regularly dominates our experience at the theatre, yet it is often taken for granted. Evidence of innovative devices to maximize, control, and alter light in early theatre illustrates its importance. Artists such as Michelangelo and Leonardo da Vinci were called upon to supervise Italian productions (Cunningham 1998). Technical rehearsals, to allow the technicians to work out problems without actors, began as early as the 1800s. This behind-the-scenes art gained significance rapidly with the refinement of theatre. From daylight shining upon a Greek auditorium to computerized robotic ERSs synchronized with the music of a Broadway show, light has evolved to become one of the most advanced aspects of performance art today. The earliest permanent performance architecture did not include facilities for lighting or stage effects. Theatrical structures were open-air auditoriums and thus the only variation in illumination possible, given the technology, relied on scrupulous timing with the setting sun or the lighting of torches. It was not until the Italian Renaissance that the once outdoor spectacles were given their own enclosed edifices (Cunningham 1998). Until this time candles and torches carried by actors during afternoon garden or courtyard performances helped to suggest place and time of day. A general rule was applied early in the transition to indoor theatre: full illumination when the subject is happy, shade or extinguish light at the first unhappy occurrence (McCandless 1958). This rule was enforced using everyday candles, oil lamps and cressets. Some rudimentary improvements in lighting and effects included crude manipulation of color and the use of reflectors, often made from household or medical implements (Parker Smith 1968). Other manipulation of light included dimming devices. The development of a sloping stage with the addition of footlights was a leap in technology. This combination allowed technicians to direct light towards actors rather then illuminate the entire theatre (Bellman 1967). Placing candles onstage to light scenery also became a regular practice during this time. Some directors were even said to have attached candles to the backs of paper clouds to achieve a desired effect (Parker Smith 1968). During the mid 1700s French and English improvements spread worldwide. Performance lighting was brought behind the proscenium and wing and boarder lights were added (Ridge Aldred 1940). In 1783 kerosene lamps began to replace candles onstage. Soon after gas was used in quantity. Advantages included increased brightness and control of intensity with a newly developed gas-table that allowed lighting to be dimmed (Bowman 1957). The largest disadvantage were the several thousand theatres that burned down between 1800, when gas became mainstream, and the invention of electric light. In 1846 the Paris Opera became the first performance facility to use predominantly electricity (Bellman 1967). Electricity, while safer, was difficult to dim. Technicians manually submerged cables in a solution of salt water to break the current and manipulate intensity. An insulated wire with a metal plate at one end was submerged at the bottom of a non-reactive container; the other wire with a metal weight attached was lowered until the two contacts touched to complete the circuit. The light dimmed as the contacts moved away from one another (McCandless 1958). Sir Henry Irving, of the Lyceum theatre, regularly tested this process before each performance. His practice led to the tradition of dimming the lights before curtain (Hewitt 1952). .uf140335406981a4cf65dc3a7371527de , .uf140335406981a4cf65dc3a7371527de .postImageUrl , .uf140335406981a4cf65dc3a7371527de .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uf140335406981a4cf65dc3a7371527de , .uf140335406981a4cf65dc3a7371527de:hover , .uf140335406981a4cf65dc3a7371527de:visited , .uf140335406981a4cf65dc3a7371527de:active { border:0!important; } .uf140335406981a4cf65dc3a7371527de .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uf140335406981a4cf65dc3a7371527de { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uf140335406981a4cf65dc3a7371527de:active , .uf140335406981a4cf65dc3a7371527de:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uf140335406981a4cf65dc3a7371527de .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uf140335406981a4cf65dc3a7371527de .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uf140335406981a4cf65dc3a7371527de .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uf140335406981a4cf65dc3a7371527de .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf140335406981a4cf65dc3a7371527de:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uf140335406981a4cf65dc3a7371527de .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uf140335406981a4cf65dc3a7371527de .uf140335406981a4cf65dc3a7371527de-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uf140335406981a4cf65dc3a7371527de:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Communication Systems EssayNew electric systems also diminished the warmth audiences had grown accustomed to with gas lighting. These inconveniences were factors in the development of theatres that specifically accommodated electricity. It wasnt until 1882 in Munich that a theatre was built with electricity in mind (Leacroft 1984). By this time most pre-electricity performance spaces were converted. As had been the case with gas, theatres were responsible for their own power sources. A town theatre often possessed the latest amenities before the general public. This left the theatre owners to create their own gas lines and eventually their own generators for the demanding power requirements of performance lighting (Heffner Selden 1959). The theatre has sought command over light for hundreds of years. The first dimming devices were nothing more then candles and 17th century house hold items. Even at that time inventions were complex. Nicola Sabbattini had a device specifically for showing hell. Let A be the pot in which we pass the piece of torch BC, long enough to let B come out of the top and C remain below the pot. When the time comes to use it, some one must hold part C in his hands, the torch having been lighted at B. When we want the torch to be thrown on the stage, the pot will be rapidly lifted, and the resin will come out of the holes which were made in the paper D, and catching fire will result in a big flame. Thus, the other men will do the same thing from time to time while the trap is open. Sabbattini was responsible for many early developments. He was also credited with being the first to place a doctors basin behind a light source, creating the first reflector-spotlight. A similar design was later used with electric light (Rosenthal Wertenbaker 1972). discovered that by heating a piece of lime to a high temperature with a hydrogen and oxygen flame it became incandescent and produced an intense white light (Sellman 1984). The nature of the light required constant attention of an operator making it useable only is specialized applications. The intense light was a realistic representation of sunlight through a window or the moon in the dead of night. By 1860 the limelight was commonly used as a follow-spot. These gadgets were impressive for their time. Its only natural that we should be producing equally impressive apparatus for the 21st century. Luc Lafortune is a lighting technician and designer for Cirque du Soleil. Lafortune adapted the original lighting configurations for Dralion, Cirques most recent show, for their North American tour. He describes the complex assortment of instruments used to invoke each element of the show. Audience members surround the stage on three sides; a massive tent supported by four towers covers the entire arena. Lighting instruments are mounted on the towers and the scaffolding between them. Some instruments are operated traditionally during the show by a technician at a computerized lightboard. These are stationary lamps focused to particular areas of the stage as well as robotic lamps. Robotic instruments are capable of moving independently during a performance. Although similar lights are responsible for the visual effects associated with rock concerts, these lights are capable of more refined applications and are employed by many ballet companies. An instrument movement is programmed into a computer before performances begin. To allow for slight variations in each show cues are administered to coordinate the timing of performers and lights. A light board operator usually gives these cues, but in a musical performance cues can be programmed into a musical instrument. When a keyboardist or drummer plays a particular combination of notes a lighting instrument moves to the next programmed area. (The performers) are mesmerizing to watch, comments Lafortune. The light is there to compliment them. .u7e13cf7ae5ef4b8cc260e5fad5e8615b , .u7e13cf7ae5ef4b8cc260e5fad5e8615b .postImageUrl , .u7e13cf7ae5ef4b8cc260e5fad5e8615b .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u7e13cf7ae5ef4b8cc260e5fad5e8615b , .u7e13cf7ae5ef4b8cc260e5fad5e8615b:hover , .u7e13cf7ae5ef4b8cc260e5fad5e8615b:visited , .u7e13cf7ae5ef4b8cc260e5fad5e8615b:active { border:0!important; } .u7e13cf7ae5ef4b8cc260e5fad5e8615b .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u7e13cf7ae5ef4b8cc260e5fad5e8615b { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u7e13cf7ae5ef4b8cc260e5fad5e8615b:active , .u7e13cf7ae5ef4b8cc260e5fad5e8615b:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u7e13cf7ae5ef4b8cc260e5fad5e8615b .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u7e13cf7ae5ef4b8cc260e5fad5e8615b .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u7e13cf7ae5ef4b8cc260e5fad5e8615b .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u7e13cf7ae5ef4b8cc260e5fad5e8615b .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u7e13cf7ae5ef4b8cc260e5fad5e8615b:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u7e13cf7ae5ef4b8cc260e5fad5e8615b .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u7e13cf7ae5ef4b8cc260e5fad5e8615b .u7e13cf7ae5ef4b8cc260e5fad5e8615b-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u7e13cf7ae5ef4b8cc260e5fad5e8615b:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Hamlets famous soliloquy EssayYou dont want to know the light is there, changing, you want to feel it as part of a great show. Although at times progression was slow, lighting development experienced two great leaps forward-candlelight to gas and gas to electricity. The practical objects put to use in early instruments is astounding. The simplicity of design combined with the complexity of their effect is perhaps the most interesting elements of dramatic lighting history. When contrasted with the sophisticated, technical instruments of the 21st century a significant evolution is obvious.

Michelangelo Buonarroti Essays (1956 words) - David, Michelangelo

Michelangelo Buonarroti The greatest artist has no conception which a single block of marble does not potentially contain within its mass, but only a hand obedient to the mind can penetrate to this image. ~ Michelangelo Buonarroti Michelangelo describes in the above quote what it is like to carve a likeness of a person out of a large block of marble. As we know from seeing his work, he did an excellent job with this task. Bernini did just as fine a job on his, but in a much different way as you will see in the following pages. Michelangelo Michelangelo was born on March 6, 1475, in Caprese, Italy, a tiny village, owned by the nearby city-state of Florence. His father was the mayor. He attended school in Florence, but he was preoccupied by art. When he was 13, his father agreed to apprentice him to some well-known painters in Florence. Michelangelo was unsatisfied with these artists, because they would not teach him their artistic secrets. He went to work under another sculptor hired by Lorenzo de Medici. When Michelangelo was 21, he went to Rome, where he was commissioned to carve a group of marble statues showing the Virgin Mary supporting the dead Christ on her knees. His sculpture was called Madonna Della Pieta, and it made Michelangelo famous. A few years later, in 1501, he accepted a commission for a statue of David. He took on the challenge of carving this beautiful work out of a huge oblong chunk of pure white unflawed Carrara marble some 18 feet high and weighing several tons - that had been badly block out and then abandoned by an earlier sculptor (Coughlan 85). This piece had always fascinated Michelangelo, but neither he, nor anyone else, could think of what to carve from it, until now (Coughlan 85). Thus began a new era in art, the High Renaissance. He began carving this statue for the city of Florence. It would become a symbol of this city, a city willing to take on all comers in defense of its liberty (Coughlan 91). The statue acquired this meaning by the way Michelangelo depicted this biblical character. Instead of presenting us with the winner of the battle, with the giants head at his feet and a sword in his hand like Donatello did many years before, he portrays David right before the battle begins. David is in the moment where his people are hesitating and Goliath is mocking him. He is placed in perfect contrapusto; in the same manner the Greeks represented their heroes (Heusinger 17). The right-hand side of the figure is composed, while the left side, from the outstretched foot all the way up to the disheveled hair, is openly active and dynamic (Heusinger 18). Frederick Hartt does an excellent job of describing the essence of the statue: Throughout the statue, but especially in the head, the conflict between line and form is intensified and deepened. The features are more deeply undercut than in any of the earlier works, possibly because of the height from which the statue was originally intended to be seen. The enormous eyes seem at once liquid and fiery. The flat planes joining at determined angles underlie all the construction of the David, not only in the squared-off masses of the features but throughout the knotty, bony, sinewy, half- developed, and unprecedentedly beautiful torso and legs. For the first time Michelangelo is able to embody in the quality of a single human body all the passionate drama of a mans inner nature. The sinews of the neck seem to tense and relax, the veins of the neck, hands and wrists to fill, the nostrils to pinch, the belly muscles to contract and the chest to lift with the intake of breath, the nipples to shrink and erect, the whole proud being to quiver like a war horse that smells the battle. But the nature of the battle there is no indication whatever; it is eternal and in every man (Hartt 112). Once the statue was completed, a committee of citizens and artists convened to decide where the statue should be placed. Some thought it should go near the steps or the church of San Piero Scheraggio, others

The City of Baghdad Essay Example

The City of Baghdad Essay Example The City of Baghdad Essay The City of Baghdad Essay Essay Topic: City Lights Great Britain would have a mandate over the government set by the United Nations. This would end in 1932. All British power would officially be gone in 1958 when a military coup would overthrow the monarchy that Great Britain help set up. For the next ten years Baghdad would not have a stable government. Many military coups would take over the government. In 1968 the Baa oath gained power over the government. They would bring a relative stability as oil prices around the world would increase, bringing in a lot of revenue to the city. This would help increase its rate of development. For the ext eight years Iraq would go to war with Iran. Iraqs government would suffer severely from the Persian Gulf War. It would become unstable because of many of the sanctions set by the United Nations. This would also lead to many social and structural problems. Bigheads culture would change over the year as well. Its location would help contribute it to being one of the most cultural places in the past. Some of the reasons for this was its connection to trade routes, its closeness of water, the land, and the good weather. Its connection to the trade routes would attract many types of goods from all over the world. Some places that would trade with Baghdad was China, India, and parts of East Africa. Soon many more people would start to come and settle in the city. Schools would be set up as a result of the amount of people coming and making homes in the city. During this time it was estimated that one and a half million people were located in Baghdad alone. It was believed that because it was the capital of Baghdad alone, many people were attracted to the city. Writers, poets, artists, and scholars would come to Baghdad and settle down or to visit. One of the most famous books in history, The Thousand and One Nights, was set in Baghdad. Many foreign books would be translated into Arabic because of the caliph during this time period. This would result in many bookshops to be set up. It would become a from one that mainly Just spoke, to one with an actual written language. Bigheads location would also contribute to its paper production, allowing to to produce more books at a faster rate. More people would be educated to read from these books, and the citizens of Baghdad would start to follow a secular movement. They would request for more books to read for pleasure and entertainment. Because many scholars would be located in Baghdad, it would become one of the biggest educational centers during its time, being referred to the center of the world. As a result of all of these factors, Baghdad would become one of the biggest cities in the world, not Just because of its expansion, but its population as well. However, the city would undergo a lot of turmoil. As stated before, many different civilizations would take over Baghdad, weakening its population and the society. In 1907 it was reported that the population of the city was only at 185,000 people. This was obviously a major decrease from its previous one and a half million. After the Ottoman rule, the British loud have control over the city. The British citizens power would only be lesser than the governor. After officially gaining independence in 1932, the citizens would overthrow the British installed monarch in 1958, officially removing all British power. Bigheads Western population would start to decline at this point, being limited to businessmen and important diplomats. The population of the city would start to grow again. However, after the Persian Gulf War many problems would arise. The United Nations set trade sanctions limiting the oil Iraq could export. This would heavily educe the amount of money coming into Iraq, which would affect Baghdad in a very negative way. The city could not support its medical, educational, and even its sanitation systems. This would lead high rates of disease and illiteracy. As United States influence would increase, the citizens would start to detest them. They would start to rebel, but the violence would go down in 2007. All U. S. Influence would be gone by 2011. The neighborhoods in Baghdad today share many characteristics with cities. The neighborhoods themselves have schools, hospitals, and shops as well. There are also mosques in these neighborhoods. Doctors and lawyers usually focus their studies in neighborhoods such as these. The population now is estimated to be around 7. 2 million people. Many structural aspects of Baghdad have changed because of wars and other events. At the beginning of its time, Baghdad was referred to as the round city. It had circular walls surrounding the city, giving reason for its nickname. Its location near water was one of the main reasons for its location. However, because the city was so small when it was first established, Baghdad started to expand in size. Many districts would start to be built around the city. The city would continue to expand as its population grew. When the Mongols sacked Baghdad, they basically destroyed their irrigation systems. It would be very hard to restore. After centuries of political turmoil, the Ottoman ruler Amidst Pasha would affect the architecture of Baghdad. He destroyed the city walls originally set up by the first caliph of Baghdad. This would allow the expansion of the urban society. He established many things to help the city flourish for a short period of time. Some of the things he did was set up a water apply system, pave streets, set up street lights, and many other things. Many years later Baghdad would be bombed during the Persian Gulf War, ruining large parts of the United Nations. The city would not have enough money to restore its infrastructure, even though parts of it would be fixed in the late sass. After the Iraq War, one of the main goals of the United States was to restore the citys infrastructure. Parts of the infrastructure is still being rebuilt today. All of the events in Bigheads history factored in to the citys problems and strengths today. Baghdad would have been a completely different city today without hem. Its contributions to the world were very significant, and the center of knowledge of culture was unmatched during its time.

Languages of Spain Other Than Spanish

Languages of Spain Other Than Spanish If you think that Spanish or Castilian is the language of Spain, youre only partly right. True, Spanish is the national language and the only language you can use if you want to be understood almost everywhere. But Spain also has three other officially recognized languages, and language use continues to be a hot political issue in parts of the country. In fact, about a fourth of the countrys residents use a tongue other than Spanish as their first language. Here is a brief look at them: Euskara (Basque) Euskara is easily the most unusual language of Spain - and an unusual language for Europe as well, since it doesnt fit in the Indo-European family of languages that includes Spanish as well as French, English and the other Romance and Germanic languages. Euskara is the language spoken by the Basque people, an ethnic group in Spain and France that has its own identity as well as separatist sentiments on both sides of the Franco-Spanish border. (Euskara has no legal recognition in France, where far fewer people speak it.) About 600,000 speak Euskara, sometimes known as Basque, as a first language. What makes Euskara linguistically interesting is that it has not been shown conclusively to be related to any other language. Some of its characteristics include three classes of quantity (single, plural and indefinite), numerous declinations, positional nouns, regular spelling, a relative lack of irregular verbs, no gender, and pluri-personal verbs (verbs that vary according to the sex of the person being spoken to). The fact that Euskara is an ergative language (a linguistic term involving cases of nouns and their relations to verbs) has caused some linguists to think that Euskara may have come from the Caucasus region, although the relationship with languages of that area hasnt been demonstrated. In any case, it is likely that Euskara, or least the language it developed from, has been in the area for thousands of years, and at one time it was spoken in a much larger region. The most common English word that comes from Euskara is silhouette, the French spelling of a Basque surname. The rare English word bilbo, a type of sword, is the Euskara word for Bilbao, a city on the western edge of Basque Country. And chaparral came to English by way of Spanish, which modified the Euskara word txapar, a thicket. The most common Spanish word that came from Euskara is izquierda, left. Euskara uses the Roman alphabet, including most letters that other European languages use, and the à ±. Most of the letters are pronounced roughly like they would be in Spanish. Catalan Catalan is spoken not only in Spain, but also in parts of Andorra (where it is the national language), France, and Sardinia in Italy. Barcelona is the largest city where Catalan is spoken. In written form, Catalan looks something like a cross between Spanish and French, although it is a major language in its own right and  may be more similar to Italian than it is to Spanish. Its alphabet is similar to that of English, although it also includes a Ç. Vowels can take both grave and acute accents (as in and , respectively). Conjugation is similar to Spanishs. About 4 million people use Catalan as a first language, with about that many also speaking it as a second language. The role of the the Catalan language has been a key issue in the Catalonian independence movement. In a series of plebiscites, Catalonians have generally supported independence from Spain, although in many cases opponents of independence boycotted the elections and the Spanish government has contested the legality of the votes. Galician Galician has strong similarities to Portuguese, especially in vocabulary and syntax. It developed along with Portuguese until the 14th century, when a split developed, largely for political reasons. For the native Galician speaker, Portuguese is about 85 percent intelligible. About 4 million people speak Galician, 3 million of them in Spain, the rest in Portugal with a few communities in Latin America. Miscellaneous Languages Scattered throughout Spain are a variety of smaller ethnic groups with their own languages, most of them Latin derivatives. Among them are Aragonese, Asturian, Calà ³, Valencian (usually considered a dialect of Catalan), Extremaduran, Gascon, and Occitan. Sample Vocabularies Euskara: kaixo (hello), eskerrik asko (thank you), bai (yes), ez (no), etxe (house), esnea (milk), bat (one), jatetxea (restaurant). Catalan: sà ­ (yes), si us plau (please), quà ¨ tal? (how are you?), cantar (to sing), cotxe (car), lhome (the man), llengua or llengo (language), mitjanit (midnight). Galician: polo (chicken), dà ­a (day), ovo (egg), amar (love), si (yes), nom (no), ola (hello), amigo/amiga (friend), cuarto de baà ±o or baà ±o (bathroom), comida (food).

International Investment Report Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

International Investment Report - Research Paper Example China is the largest country among the four emerging economies of the world and other three countries include Brazil, Russia, and India. It is the fastest growing economy among all these four countries. Data for 2011shows growth rate of China has outpaced peers with sharp contrast in GDP, merchandise export and GDP average growth rate as shown in the image below: China is expected to maintain the growth momentum and outpacing its peers even G7 countries over years in future for many reasons with increase in middle class being among the leading ones. Rising middle class refers to increase in income bracket of large number of people. This trend has a constant positive growth projection to year 2050 as shown in the image below; hence, it can be predicted that there would be increasing opportunities of investment in China. To mention, the world’s largest coffee shop Starbuck has also planned to expand in the more 70 smaller cities of the country (Bloomberg, 2012). This report anal yzes China as an investment opportunity for a coffee house and for this purpose; the report will analyze the macroeconomic factors that could influence the business in the country. The report discusses about the economic, financial, political factors along with historical events that could impact the business and its geographic location that could influence the business in the country. At the end, the report analyzes the overall risks that businesses could face while starting a business in China. (Global Sherpa, 2011) (Global Sherpa, 2011) ECONOMIC STRUCTURE, INDICATORS AND RISK ... This slowdown has been controlled by the targeted stimulus. For instance, construction of 36 million social housing units, support for SMEs in Wenzhou, bonuses cut down in the automotive sector, and subsidies on purchase of household electrical appliances etc. All these factors have supported the economic situation despite having troubles with export (Coface, 2010). FINANCIAL STRUCTURE, INDICATORS AND RISK Financial factors other important influence the businesses. Risk rating for the country is as follows: (Coface, 2010) However, access to finance for SME is difficult as banks are reluctant due to string of defaults as the main risk. Also overall strict policies have been imposed on banks for credit giving to avoid misallocation of resources etc (Coface, 2010). The overall financial figures are positive as investment in the country has increased, poverty level has decreased etc. The coffee shop market is expected to grow by 55 percent and it would reach to 4.5 billion Yuan ($714 mil lion) in 2015 from 2.9 billion Yuan last year in 2011. To share this benefit, global coffee competitors such as Starbucks of US and Luigi Lavazza Spa, an Italian coffee company have entered and planned expansion in major and minor cities of China (Bloomberg, 2012). POLITICAL STRUCTURE AND RISK China has been mainly a socialist country. However, the country has accepted the capitalism mode of economy but socialism is still what it breathes. The political risk refers to intervention of country’s government in the business affairs of the foreign person or a company that is doing business in the country. China is usually accounted for this political risk and its government has already once considered the nationalization of industries in 1949 (China Risk Management, n.d.).

Globalization and International Relations Essay

Globalization and International Relations - Essay Example However, since globalization, the global economic environment has undergone tremendous changes. According to Devetak and Hughes (2008, p. 34), globalization connects nations through a global network, and it assists a nation to get access to foreign markets and customers. Since the nations got ranges of benefits from globalization, governments adopted a liberal approach towards international trade. As Slaughter & Swagel (1997) point out, the removal of trade barriers promote import and export activities by which a government acquires foreign investments (IMF). In order to take advantages of liberal international trade laws, a number of corporate global giants spread their business across the globe; this practice greatly promoted international relations. For instance, Starbucks Coffee Company transplanted its business operation from the United States to China. The improving unemployment rates in third world countries can also be clearly referred to the fruitful effect of the globalizat ion. The global interconnectedness helped these nations to attract more and more investors to complete their capital accumulation process successfully. In addition, multinational companies started their production activities in developing and underdeveloped countries and this practice created ranges of employment opportunities in those countries. Globalization has also intensified the immigration processes. Even though the ultimate cause of immigration is not globalization, this concept has considerably increased the number of immigrants (‘Migration and globalization’). Before the 21st century, traveling from one’s home country to a foreign destination was expensive and time consuming. In addition, inter-communication between countries was... This essay approves that the productive elements of globalization contributed to the development of a new technological era that restructured the living standards and business concepts of the modern world. The increased application of technology in productive activities also augmented the volume of production. It was necessary to employ more and more workers in order to efficiently operate machineries and other technical systems. This situation also created wide ranges of job opportunities for skilled individuals. Similarly, even technologically underdeveloped nations got access to improved technologies as a result of globalization and this situation in turn improved international cooperation. The explosive growth of information technology (IT) is one of the major outcomes of globalization and industrial revolution. Globalization has also intensified the immigration processes. Even though the ultimate cause of immigration is not globalization, this concept has considerably increased the number of immigrants. This report makes a conclusion that globalization has greatly added value to international relations as this concept facilitates international trade transactions. Increase in export and import trade encourages nations to function cooperatively. The globalization also amplified immigration by which nations could resolve their staffing shortage issues. Moreover, developments in IT sector have greatly restructured the ways nations communicate today.

Medical Marijuana Legalization Essay Example for Free

Medical Marijuana Legalization Essay Are there medicinal benefits of marijuana? Could there really be more to the cannabis plant than â€Å"getting high? † Yes, the cannabis (scientific name for â€Å"marijuana†) plant does in fact have medical uses, and there is much more to this extraordinary plant than consuming it to experience its psychoactive effects. However, most Americans are unaware of the present day medicinal applications of cannabis. From migraines to multiple sclerosis, cannabis can help. The cannabis plant is grown naturally and contains no added chemicals, making it ideal. In modern medicine, the cannabis plant has many medical uses. Cannabis was legal to consume in the United States up until 1937, when the â€Å"marihuana tax act of 1937† made possession or transfer of cannabis illegal throughout the United States under federal law, excluding medical and industrial uses. The American Medical Association was not in favor of this legislation. Before this law was passed, marijuana was legal and quite popular in the United States. Martin Booth explains in his book Cannabis: A History, that In the 1880’s â€Å"hashish† parlors were very popular in America and it was estimated that their were around five hundred of these parlors in New York at the time. From 1850-1942 cannabis was listed in the U. S Pharmacopoeia as a useful medicine for nausea, rheumatism, and labor pains; it was also easily obtained at the local general store or pharmacy. More than 20 prescription medicines containing marijuana were sold in U. S. pharmacies at the turn of the 20th century, and marijuana-based medications were commonly available until cannabis was taken out of the U. S. Pharmacopeia in 1942. Then in 1970, the Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act of 1970, classified marijuana as a Schedule I drug. According to this act a schedule I drug means three things: the drug has high potential for abuse, the drug has no currently accepted medical use in the U. S, and there is a lack of accepted safety for use of the drug under medical supervision. Other schedule I drugs include heroin, LSD, peyote, MDMA (ecstasy), and mescaline. The once medicinally valued cannabis plant is now classified with drugs in which have completely different and much more harmful effects. Marijuana cannot be classified with the other schedule I narcotics because it can be beneficial to many people with a number of different diseases or health problems. Marijuana can cure migraines, Doctors in California report they have cured over 300,000 cases of migraines with medical marijuana (medicalinsurance. org marijuana-health-facts). The American Association for Cancer Research has found that marijuana actually works to slow down tumor growth in the lungs, breasts, and brain considerably. Studies also suggest that use of medical marijuana helps lower intraocular pressure in the eyes of glaucoma patients (glaucoma. org /treatment/should-you-be-smoking-marijuana-to-treat-your-glaucoma-1. php). Marijuana is also a muscle relaxer that has antispasmodic qualities that have proven to be a very effective treatment for seizures (nimh. nih. gov). Marijuana works to stop the neurological effects and muscle spasms that come from multiple sclerosis by protecting nerves from the damage caused by the fatal disease (multiple-sclerosis. emedtv. com). Marijuana is so beneficial that the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) actually used part of the plant. The main psychoactive ingredient in marijuana is tetrahydrocannabinol, or THC for short. The FDA isolated a single molecule cannabinoid pharmaceutical; it was called Marinol and was used for treatment of nausea and vomiting in cancer chemotherapy patients who did not respond to conventional antiemetic treatments, according to the article Medicinal use of cannabis in the United States: Historical perspectives, current trends, and future directions. From the same article the doctors talk about another medication with similar effects of marijuana, except this one is a synthetic molecule shaped similarly to THC. ) It’s called Nabilone and has been approved since 1985 for use with nausea and vomiting associated with chemotherapy in cancer patients. As of 2011 there are currently sixteen states and Washington D. C. that support medical marijuana. The sixteen states include: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Delaware, Hawaii, Maine, Michigan, Montana, Nevada, New Jersey, New Hampshire, Oregon, Rhode Island, Vermont, and Washington. Our federal government on the other hand, does not agree with these state laws and continues to prosecute medical marijuana users because it remains illegal under federal law. The medicinal uses of the cannabis plant have been around since our country was founded, yet in present time, marijuana â€Å"presents no known medicinal value†. The founding father of our nation George Washington, said, â€Å"Make the most of the Indian hemp seed, and sow it everywhere! It has been used in America since our country was founded, but as of now our country cannot come to terms of agreement regarding the cannabis plant. Marijuana can be used to treat or relieve symptoms of many diseases and discomforts, but for now its still illegal and preventing many Americans from getting their medicine. Marijuana has many uses but our federal government cannot see that or chooses not to believe it, regardless, it is still a very applicable medicine. Medical marijuana is used in other countries includin g our neighbor up north, Canada. So, why is it still illegal in America? If marijuana were to be legalized in the United States for medical purposes, our country would greatly benefit. Marijuana is one the purest most natural substances known to many yet it is referred to as a â€Å"drug†, however over fifty percent of Americans think that medical marijuana should be legalized. Sometime in the near future our country will recognize all the medical benefits of this magnificent plant, but until then it is still a federal crime to use and possess.

Arkansas: A Different State Essay -- American History Essays

Arkansas: A Different State For many people the very mention of the word â€Å"Arkansas† conjures up images that are unflattering and certainly not very complimentary. To suggest that Arkansas is â€Å"a different state† is to guarantee almost immediate agreement from any given audience, but such agreement is usually about the negative aspects of the state instead of the ones making for actual difference. Those negative aspects extend back to the early days of the territory. When Cephas Washburn was on his way to Arkansas in 1819 to serve as a missionary to the Cherokees, he stopped at the present site of Vicksburg, Mississippi, to obtain specific directions to the territory, only to be told that â€Å"the way to get there was wnknown.†1 Other remarks pertaining to Arkansas are even less positive; it was stated that â€Å"Arkansas is not part of the world for which Jesus Christ died,†2 and as late as 1989 one writer was still able to describe Arkansas as â€Å"the least known of the fifty states.†3 One of the most famous publications that helped to give Arkansas a negative image was Thomas W. Jackson’s On A Slow Train Through Arkansas. Published in 1903, this book contained many descriptions about life in the state, including a pitiful account about a traveler who â€Å"stopped at a place where there was one doctor, two shoe makers, and a blacksmith. The doctor killed a man. They didn’t want to be without a doctor, so they hung one of the shoe makers.†4 Jackson’s book helped to convince many readers that people in Arkansas wore no shoes.5 Of the well known national writers to comment about Arkansas, surely H.L. Mencken of the Baltimore Sun was most memorable. In August, 1921, his acid-tipped pen described the state of Arkansas as â€Å"track... ...kansas,† Arkansas Historical Quarterly, XXXVIII (Spring 1979), 63. 7 Ibid., 68. 8 Harry S. Ashmore, Arkansas: A Bicentennial History (New York: W.W. Norton, 1978), xvii. 9 Daniel Pool, What Jane Austen Ate and Charles Dickens Knew: From Fox Hunting to Whist — the Facts of Daily Life in 19th Century England (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1993), 75. 10 Imogene Wolcott, ed., The New England Yankee Cook Book (New York: Coward-McCann, Inc., 1939), 161. 11 Ibid., xiii. 12 Williams, et al., 9. 13 Francis Parkman, La Salle and the Discovery of the Great West (New York: The New Library of American Literature, 1963), 223. 14 Ibid., 228-229. 15 Ibid., 333. 16 Helen McCully and Eleanor Noderer, eds., The American Heritage Cookbook and Illustrated History of American Eating and Drinking, II (n.p.: American Heritage Publishing, 1964), 537.

Consumer Behavior Research Project

| |Consumer Behavior Research Project 2011 | | |[pic] | |6-12-2011 |Engaging in environmental responsibility increases the profitability of a company. | | | | Consumer Behavior Research Project 2011 Engaging in environmental responsibility increases the profitability of a company. INTRODUCTION More and more people are becoming aware of the importance of taking care of our environment. Almost everybody has heard about environmental problems (likely) caused by human consumption. In order to stop the constant decline in natural resources and the excessive demand of consumers, things need to change. Business has to change their philosophies into a focus on not harming human and ecosystems (Hofstra, 2011). But in our ‘free market economy’ companies need to be able to make a profit or at least break-even from a change, before they will embrace it. That is why this research papers answers the question: Can a company increase their profitability by engaging in environmental responsibility? To answer this question, the following problem statement was formulated: Engaging in environmental responsibility increases the profitability of a company. Two sub questions need to be answered first: 1. Do consumers want eco-friendly products? 2. Do customers act upon their environmental believes? 3. Is there empirical evidence of increased profits by engaging in environmental responsibility? The first two sub questions are questions that must be answered positively for the hypothesis to hold. Without consumers willing to purchase products from environmentally responsible companies, there is no way that companies can make extra profit from engaging in environmental responsibility. Although a positive answer on the first two questions is a condition for the hypothesis to hold, it is still no conclusive evidence that engaging in environmental responsibility will increase profits. For conclusive evidence empirical proof is needed, which will be provided in the third sub question. The expectation is that engaging in environmental responsibility will increase the profitability of a company. Methodology of the research The first two sub-questions will be answered by examining the results of the provided questionnaire (among 24 respondents by e-mail). Several statistical tests will be used to determine the significance of outcomes and the relationship between several variables. In order to research the third sub-question of the research project, to test whether firms make more profits when they engage in an environmental responsibility, a literature study will be provided to review studies that look at the market value of firms. Due to the limited amount of time and resources for this research project, the use of existing science and literature is required to give a useful insight into the problem statement. These sources will provide an overview of the profitability of firms that are engaged in environmental responsibility. Theoretical background Our research considers 2 backgrounds. First, to research consumers, that is, the demand for environmentally responsible produced products, the assumption is made that consumers are aware of the impact consuming has on the environment. Recent years, media has reported frequently about environmental changes induced by mass consumptions and its corresponding mass production. Furthermore, more products use labels to signify they are produced in an eco-friendly manner. Also companies actively try to build their ‘green’ image with marketing. Therefore this research assumes that people are aware of harming the environment by consuming. For the supply side of our research, the standard economic theory (SET) is used. One of the aspects of this theory states that firms are profit-maximizing. Firms will only involve in certain activities such as environmentally responsible producing, when it pay-offs in terms of profits. When it does not improve a firm’s profit, it will abandon it. According to SET, when this research shows that environmentally responsible producing results in larger profits, firms will adopt it. Research findings Do consumers prefer environmentally responsible produced products? Are consumers aware of environmental problems? The first four questions of the survey correspond with this question. But before the data from the survey can be used for analysis, an internal consistency reliability analysis is necessary. Such an analysis will tell us whether or not the data is useful and reliable. Reliability is important, because in the absence of reliability it is impossible to have any validity associated with the scores of a scale. Conducting and interpreting the internal consistency reliability analysis can be done through Cronbach's alpha. The following questions in the survey correspond with whether or not the respondent thinks the environment is important: -Q1: An increasing amount of consumers recognizes the relevance of taking care about â€Å"mother earth† considering the design, production and disposing of the purchased products. Do you agree or disagree? -Q2: What is your opinion about the statement? â€Å"Caring about the flora (vegetation) is important† -Q3: What is your opinion about the statement? â€Å"Caring about the fauna (animals) is important† Q7A: Do you consider yourself as a person who is striving to be a more ‘eco-friendly’ consumer? Higher values of Cronbach’s alpha are more desirable. As a rule of thumb a lot of professionals require a reliability of 0. 70 or higher before using an instrument (See Appendix, Figure 1). Using SPSS an alpha value of 0. 878 is obtained, which is considered very high (See Appendix, Figure 2). This means the test results are internally consistent and reliable. The data needs to be normally distributed to use a parametric test; otherwise we will have to use the non-parametric test. Both the Kolmogorov-Smirnov as the Shapiro-Wilk test of normality, tells us the data (Q1,2,3,7A) is not normally distributed (See Appendix, Figure 3). A good non-parametric test is the ‘one sample chi square test’. To use this test the data needs to be simplified to agree and disagree. Running the chi square test on the first three questions, results in a significant positive outcome for all three questions (See Appendix, Figure 4). Looking at the percentages of people that responded positively, it’s very clear in general a significant majority of people care about the environment (Q1: 75%, Q2: 95,8% Q3: 87,5%). Also 95. 8% of the respondents indicated that they are aware of environmental problems caused by human consumption. (See Appendix, Figure 5) When asking respondent’s why they think taking care of the environment is important, a common answer is ‘Sustainability’ and ‘Biodiversity’. In short: The vast majority of people is aware of environmental problems and thinks taking care of the environment is important because of ‘sustainability’ and ‘biodiversity’. Are consumers convinced buying products from environmentally responsible companies will offer a solution for environmental problems? Questions 6A and 6B are both questions indicating that the consumer believes buying products from environmentally responsible companies will have benefits for the environment, if answered positively. A ‘one sample chi square test’ on both of these questions tell us that a significant majority answered these questions positively (See Appendix, Figure 6). This means that consumers think that companies need to pay attention to the environmental impact of their activities. The industry and the shop chains have to change their methods of production and selling of the products. By looking at the way people answered the questions, one can say that consumers almost demand companies to be environmentally responsible. Not only do they want companies to meet the legal requirements (with regard to the environment), but they want companies to really examine and optimize their production process in order to minimize the use of energy, pollution and waste. From our research it is very clear that consumers are aware of environmental problems and want to do something about it. They also believe that the environment will benefit from companies that produce and sell products in an environmentally responsible manner. This is why they are not only willing to buy products from environmentally responsible companies, but are almost demanding companies to be environmentally responsible. Do consumers act upon their environmental believes? In the previous question, we have found that consumers prefer environmentally responsible produced products. However this does not necessarily have to mean that consumers act upon this. First of all we have to know if consumers belief that they (the consumers) are responsible for making a chance and buy eco-friendly products. This is what Q6C asked our respondents. The result of the ‘one sample chi square test’ is that a significant majority of the respondents think that consumers are responsible to make a change in purchasing ‘eco-friendly’ products (See Appendix, Figure 6). So now we know that not only do people believe companies should produce in an environmental responsible manner, but that they also believe consumers are responsible to buy the products of those companies. As it is common knowledge that people don’t always do what they think others should do, let’s take this research a step further and take a look at how the individuals themselves behave. Question 7A answers this perfectly, by asking: â€Å"Do you consider yourself as a person who is striving to be a more ‘eco-friendly’ consumer? † This time a ‘one sample chi square test’ tells us nothing, because there is no significant majority of people who agree or disagree. The ‘one sample chi square test’ is therefore not of use this time. A ‘Related-Samples Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test’ is useful in this case; this test measures the differences between the answers on question 6C and 7A and then tests if the media between them equals zero (not significant). The result of this test is a rejection of the null hypothesis (H = 0 ? Median of differences between Q6C and Q7A equals zero. ). A closer look at the results tells us that people don’t do what they think others should do (See Appendix, Figure 7). This result is very interesting, and in laymen’s terms means that a majority of the people claims that ‘consumers are responsible to make a change in purchasing ‘eco-friendly’ products’ but do not ‘consider themself as a person who is striving to be a more ‘eco-friendly’ consumer’. To make matters worse the same test between Q6A and Q7B also leads to a rejection of the null hypothesis (See Appendix, Figure 8). Meaning that a majority of the people think consumers are responsible to purchase ‘eco-friendly’ products, but not purchase them themselves or talk about environmental issues with friends. What do these findings mean for the answer on the question if people act upon their environmental believes? Even though our results are not directly in favor of a positive answer on this question, we can make some nuances. Because when looking at the descriptive statistics and frequencies we can obtain that still 37. 5% of the consumers strives to be a more ‘eco-friendly’ consumer (vs. 29,2% not & 33,3% don’t know). (See Appendix, Figure 9). In short, not all consumers how see the importance of ‘eco-friendly’ products, act upon this. Sometimes they do not act upon it, even if they believe consumers are responsible for making chances and buying eco-friendly products. But there are still a lot of people who do act upon it and strive to be more ‘eco-friendly’ consumers. Now we have a positive answer on the first two sub-questions, the conditions for the hypotheses to hold are met. There is demand for products from environmentally responsible companies. However, this is still no conclusive evidence that engaging in environmental responsibility will increase profits. For that, some empirical proof is needed. Is there empirical evidence of increased profits by engaging in environmental responsibility? In order to give a reliable conclusion about the third question of our problem statement, Is there empirical evidence of increased profits by engaging in environmental responsibility? , already existing literature was used. But before something meaningful can be said about increased profits, the term environmental responsibility(ER) and also increased profits itself need to be defined. In the literature studied, the ISO14000 standard was used to signify ER. The use of this standard, or certificate, is to[1] . Recognize and manage the environmental impact of a firm’s activities, products and services. 2. Give the firm support to constantly improve their impact on the environment. 3. Give a firm the methods to set environmental goals and methods how to achieve these goals. Among these methods to reach these environmental goals are management sys tems that take into account the environment and also the use of product labels. Beside the certificate for ER, increased profits also needs to be defined. This can be done by looking at the market value of a firm. The market value of a firm represents the book value plus expected future earnings[2]. The book value consists of all assets on the balance sheet of the firm[3]. An increase in the market value of a firm will show that a firm has become more worth, because its assets have increased in value, for example its current assets has risen. Another possible increase in market value is by a change in expected future profits. For instance, the disclosure of forecasted profits by the board of the firm can increase market value. What does the empirical evidence reveals about environmental responsible firms? The study that was used compares the market value of 156 Egyptian firms over 3 years, between 2003 and 2005. Of the examined firms, 84 of them did have an ISO14000 certificate; the other 72 firms did not have a certificate. Next, the research looks at the contribution of such an ISO14000 certificate, the dependent variable, to the market value, the independent variable. Being environmental responsible as a firm, has a positive and significant impact on the market value[4]. Thereby, the research concludes that the firms, who do have the ISO14000 certificate, have increased their market value. In other words, the research found that applying ER to your firm is positively reflected in your market value and, on average, does not lower your market value. 5] Discusion Survey The first obvious shortcoming of the survey is the low number of respondents (24). With such a low number of respondents, statistical test are not very reliable. Most of the respondents fell into the same age group, meaning that the survey is not a good representation of the population. Also a lot of respondents were irritate d by the large amount of open questions, which could lead to rushed answers. Literature Study Now we have seen that the practice of ER is profitable, we will look at the shortcomings of this research and its results. The first downside of the research, from a company's perspective, is the fact that we do not know by how much ER is profitable. Indeed, the goal of the firm is to maximize shareholders value as much as possible, mainly in order to attract new and reward current shareholders. However, we do not know to what extent engaging in ER is more (or less) beneficial in comparison to firms that do not produce with the environment in mind. Firms will only engage massively in ER when it will maximize shareholders value more than when they do not apply ER to their firm. This research does not provide conclusive results on this topic. Another downside of the research is that it only focuses on Egyptian firms. A study that takes firms of other countries into consideration will provide a better conclusion. Although Egypt has a free market economy, a research conducted in the West with positive results regarding to profits due to engaging in ER, will inspire Western firms more than the same outcomes in Egypt. Furthermore, the small period the research evaluates, 3 years, is subject to market fluctuations. It could be that the general stock market, where the market value of a firm is based upon, improved during these examined 3 years. On to other hand, the environmental business is changing constantly. A research that examines a period longer than 3 years needs to account for increased legislation regarding waste and pollution, which would increase the difficulty of the research. Lastly, we also face the limitation of why firm profits increase by involving in ER. Having concluded that engaging in ER is profitable is step 1, why engaging in ER is profitable, is the next step. Is it because firms that practice ER are selling more? Do these firms sell more because they can sell their products for a lower price? Or do they sell more because customers or businesses who purchase these products or services perceive more value because these creations are produced responsibly? Or do profit increase because firms have smaller expenses to produce the same amount of products or services? Are those lower expenses the result of economies of scope or economies of scale? All those questions are beyond the scope of this research should be answered with future research. Conclusions This research tried to answer the question whether or not engaging in environmental responsibility can increase the profits of a company. After finding that consumers really prefer environmentally responsible produced products in the first sub-question, the second sub-question asked if they also act upon this. The answer was somewhat interesting because a lot of respondents believed the consumer is responsible for eco-friendly consuming, but at the same time didn’t strive to be ‘eco-friendly’ consumers themselves. Nevertheless a lot of consumers do strive to be ‘eco-friendly’ customer. It is beyond the scope of the research to look at the reasons don’t do what they want other to do, but is interesting for further research. After concluding there is a demand for environmentally responsible produced products, the research continued by looking at empirical proof for supply these environmentally responsible produced products. Knowing those consumers are willing to buy, there is possibility for firms to supply these environmentally responsible produced products. However, firms will only produce and provide these products when this is more profitable than their current supply. In order to determine whether it actually pays off for a firm to provide environmentally responsible produced products, a literature study looked at this. The literature study provided empirical proof that firms engaging in environmental responsibility have an increase in profit or market value. This conclusion is somewhat positive because there is a positive relation between producing environmentally responsible produced products and the market value of a firm. However, the literature study did not give insight into whether applying environmental responsibility to a firm outperforms firms that do not practice environmental responsibility. This leaves room for future research to examine to what extent engaging in environmental responsibility is beneficial for a firm’s profits. References Books Frank, Robert H. 2008. Microeconomics and Behavior. Europe: McGraw-Hill Education. Blackwell, Roger D. , Miniard, Paul W. , Engel, James F. 2006. Consumer behavior. Mason: Thomson/South-Western. Papers Wahba, H. 2008. â€Å"Does the market value corporate environmental responsibility? An empirical examination,† Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management 15: 89–99. Appendix Figure 1 |Cronbach's alpha |Internal consistency | |? ? . |Excellent | |. 9 ; ? ? . 8 |Good | |. 8 ; ? ? . 7 |Acceptable | |. 7 ; ? ? . 6 |Questionable | |. ; ? ? . 5 |Poor | |. 5 ; ? |Unacceptable | Figure 2 |Reliability Statistics | |Cronbach's Alpha |Cronbach's Alpha Based|N of Items | | |on Standardized Items | | |. 878 |. 889 |4 | Figure 3 Tests of Normality | | |Kolmogorov-Smirnova |Shapiro-Wilk | | | Figure 4 |Test Statistics | | |Q1 |Q2 |Q3 | |Chi-Square |10. 714a |20. 167b |18. 182c | |df |1 |1 |1 | |Asymp. Sig. |. 001 |. 000 |. 000 | | | Figure 5 Q1 | | |Frequency |Percent |Valid Percent |Cumulative Percent | |Valid | | |Frequency |Percent |Valid Percent |Cumulative Percent | |Valid | | |Frequency |Percent |Valid Percent |Cumulative Percent | |Valid | | |Frequency |Percent |Valid Percent |Cumulative Percent | |Valid | | |Q6A |Q6C | |Chi-Square |14,727a |11,842b | |df |1 |1 | |Asymp. Sig. |,000 |,001 | | | Figure 7 [pic] Figure 8 [pic] Figure 9 [pic] ———————– [1] http://www. iso. org/iso/iso_14000_essentials [2] http://www. investopedia. com/terms/m/marketvalue. asp#axzz1fUqMwWqQ [3] [pic]()*+,-. 78S†¹ Z? oaIA oA†? n[AH

The Giver Totalitarian Society

Issues facing parties and the United States after World War II included the Cold War and the Civil Rights Movement. Republicans attracted conservatives and white Southerners from the Democratic coalition with their resistance to New Deal and Great Society liberalism and the Republicans' use of the Southern strategy. African Americans, who traditionally supported the Republican Party, began supporting Democrats following the ascent of the Franklin Roosevelt administration, the New Deal, and the Civil Rights movement.The Democratic Party's main base of support shifted to the Northeast, marking a dramatic reversal of history. Bill Clinton was elected to the presidency in 1992, governing as a New Democrat. The Democratic Party lost control of Congress in the election of 1994 to the Republican Party. Re-elected in 1996, Clinton was the first Democratic President since Franklin Roosevelt to be elected to two terms. Following twelve years of Republican rule, the Democratic Party regained ma jority control of both the House and the Senate in the 2006 elections.Some of the party's key issues in the early 21st century in their last national platform have included the methods of how to combat terrorism, homeland security, expanding access to health care, labor rights, environmentalism, and the preservation of liberal government programs. [10] In the 2010 elections, the Democratic Party lost control of the House, but kept a small majority in the Senate (reduced from the 111th Congress). It also lost its majority in state legislatures and state governorships.The Democratic Party traces its origins to the inspiration of Democratic-Republican Party, founded by Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, and other influential opponents of the Federalists in 1792. That party also inspired the Whigs and modern Republicans. Organizationally, the modern Democratic Party truly arose in the 1830s, with the election of Andrew Jackson. Since the division of the Republican Party in the election of 1912, it has gradually positioned itself to the left of the Republican Party on economic and social issues.Until the period following the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964—which was championed by a Democratic president but faced lower Democratic than Republican support in Congress—the Democratic Party was primarily a coalition of two parties divided by region. Southern Democrats were typically given high conservative ratings by the American Conservative Union while northern Democrats were typically given very liberal ratings. Southern Democrats were a core bloc of the bipartisan conservative coalition which lasted through the Reagan-era.The economically activist philosophy of Franklin D. Roosevelt, which has strongly influenced American liberalism, has shaped much of the party's economic agenda since 1932, and served to tie the two regional factions of the party together until the late 1960s. In fact, Roosevelt's New Deal coalition usually controlled the nationa l government until the 1970s. [11] Based on a series of polls conducted in 2010, Gallup found that 31% of Americans identified as Democrats, 29% as Republicans, and 38% as Independents. 12] A similar series of polls conducted in 2011 found the percentage of Democrats to be the same at 31%, while a two percentile-point rise in the number of Independents, to an all-time high of 40%, appeared to stem from an equal drop in the number of those Americans identifying themselves as Republicans from the previous poll, to 27%. [13] A Pew Research Center survey of registered voters released August 2010 stated that 47% identified as Democrats or leaned towards the party; the same poll found that 43% of registered voters identified as Republicans or leaned towards the Republican party. [14]

Free Essays on Floriance Kelly

During the progressive Era, Florence Kelley was an important person because of all of the contribution’s that she has made trying to improve child labor for women. There were many reasons for Florence Kelley becoming interested in reform and socialism, one of the people who influenced her was Friendrich Engels. Kelley knew of the conditions that needed to ch changed in her time. Those conditions that needed to be changed influenced her passion for reform and pushed her to work harder. Organizing a child labor committee and setting a form of minimum wages for workers were only a couple of the many things that Kelley did to contribute to reform. Karl Max also being one of her many influences was only part of how Florence Kelley became interested in Socialism and reform. The first time Kelley was introduced to social reform she was attending Miss Longreth’s School. Kelley became frustrated by the obstacles that her own society put against women’s participation in public life. At the University of Zurich there she joined a community of people who embraced the teaching of socialism. She became aware of these ideas and they helped her to inform the people of the abuse to poor working people and of their working conditions. These were many of the among reasons she became interested in reform. Of the conditions that were right in front of her she knew things needed to be changed. She was then hired to the Illinois Bureau of Labor Statistics to investigate sweat-shops and their systems. Florence Kelley knew that the working conditions were dangerous and people were getting harmed. During this time Kelley wanted to help the children in the working industries of the time. The children were being worked for very long hours and very little pay. They also worked in harsh and dangerous conditions. One of Kelley’s main concerns was the unequal treatment in society toward women. Florence Kelley made many contributions during her time as... Free Essays on Floriance Kelly Free Essays on Floriance Kelly During the progressive Era, Florence Kelley was an important person because of all of the contribution’s that she has made trying to improve child labor for women. There were many reasons for Florence Kelley becoming interested in reform and socialism, one of the people who influenced her was Friendrich Engels. Kelley knew of the conditions that needed to ch changed in her time. Those conditions that needed to be changed influenced her passion for reform and pushed her to work harder. Organizing a child labor committee and setting a form of minimum wages for workers were only a couple of the many things that Kelley did to contribute to reform. Karl Max also being one of her many influences was only part of how Florence Kelley became interested in Socialism and reform. The first time Kelley was introduced to social reform she was attending Miss Longreth’s School. Kelley became frustrated by the obstacles that her own society put against women’s participation in public life. At the University of Zurich there she joined a community of people who embraced the teaching of socialism. She became aware of these ideas and they helped her to inform the people of the abuse to poor working people and of their working conditions. These were many of the among reasons she became interested in reform. Of the conditions that were right in front of her she knew things needed to be changed. She was then hired to the Illinois Bureau of Labor Statistics to investigate sweat-shops and their systems. Florence Kelley knew that the working conditions were dangerous and people were getting harmed. During this time Kelley wanted to help the children in the working industries of the time. The children were being worked for very long hours and very little pay. They also worked in harsh and dangerous conditions. One of Kelley’s main concerns was the unequal treatment in society toward women. Florence Kelley made many contributions during her time as...

Semiotics Definition and Examples

Semiotics Definition and Examples Semiotics is the theory and study of signs and symbols, especially as elements of language or other systems of communication. Common examples of semiotics include traffic signs, emojis, and emoticons used in electronic communication, and logos and brands used by international corporations to sell us things- brand loyalty, they call it. Semiotics Takeaways Semiotics is the study of signs and symbols, in particular as they communicate things spoken and unspoken.Common signs that are understood globally include traffic signs, emojis, and corporate logos.Written and spoken language is full of semiotics in the form of intertextuality, puns, metaphors, and references to cultural commonalities. Signs are all around us. Consider a set of paired faucets in a bathroom or kitchen. The left side is almost certainly the hot water tap, the right is the cold. Many years ago, all taps had letters designating the temperature of the water- in English, H for hot and C for cold; in Spanish, C for hot (caliente) and F for cold (frio). Modern taps often have no letter designations or are included in one tap, but even with a single tap, the semiotic content of faucets still tells us to tilt or turn left for hot water and right for cold. The information about how to avoid being burned is a sign. Practice and History A person who studies or practices semiotics is a semiotician.  Many terms and concepts used by contemporary semioticians were introduced by the Swiss linguist Ferdinand de Saussure (1857–1913). Saussure defined a  sign as any motion, gesture, image, pattern, or event that conveys meaning. He defined langue as the structure or grammar of a language and parole as the choices made by the speaker to communicate that information. Semiotics is a key study into the evolution of human consciousness. English philosopher John Locke (1632–1704) tied the advancement of intelligence to three steps: understanding the nature of things, understanding what to do to achieve whatever you wish to achieve, and the ability to communicate these things to another. Language began with signs. In Lockes terminology, signs are dyadic- that is, a sign is tied to a specific meaning. Charles Sanders Peirce (1839–1914) said that signs work only if there is an intelligence capable of learning from experience. Peirces conception of semiotics was triadic: sign, meaning, and interpreter. Modern semioticians look at the entire network of signs and symbols around us that mean different things in different contexts, even signs or symbols that are sounds. Think of what an ambulance siren communicates when you are driving: Someone is endangered and we are in a hurry to help. Pull over to the side of the road and let us drive by. Textual Signs Intertextuality is a type of subtle communication in that what we write or say often is recollecting something shared between us. For example, if you mimic James Earl Jones deep baritone saying Luke, you can transmit a raft of Star Wars images and sounds and meanings. Knowing the semiotics you are, Grasshopper, is a reference both to Master Yoda and to Master Po in the 1970s Kung Fu television series. In fact, you could argue that Yoda was a semiotic reference to Master Po. Metaphors can act as meaningful stand-ins to people who are familiar with the culture: He was a rock to me in my hour of need and That coffee is hotter than Hades are intertextual references to the Judeo-Christian Bible, and theyre so common that it doesnt matter whether youve read the Bible. Metonyms can, too: The Smoke is a metonym for London, a reference to its once-prevalent smog, which still means London even if the smog is less prevalent. Writing William Shakespeares and Lewis Carrolls writings are full of puns and cultural references, some of which, sadly, are no longer meaningful to modern speakers. The master of intertextuality was the Irish writer James Joyce, whose books such as Ulysses are so dense with snippets of different and invented languages and cultural references that the modern reader needs hypertexts- live weblinks- to get them all: Stephen closed his eyes to hear his boots crush crackling wrack and shells. You are walking through it howsomever. I am, a stride at a time. A very short space of time through very short times of space. Five, six: the nacheinander. Exactly: and that is the ineluctable modality of the audible. A hypertext supports semiotic understanding. We know what a hypertext means: Here youll find a definition of this term or this phrase. Nonverbal Communication Many ways that we communicate with one another are nonverbal. A shrug, a roll of the eyes, a wave of the hand, these and thousands of other subtle and unsubtle body language memes communicate information to another person. Vocalics is a type of nonverbal communication embedded into speech: the pitch, tone, rate, volume, and timbre of spoken language communicate  additional information about the underlying meaning of a group of words. Personal space is also a form of semiotics that is specific to a culture. A person approaching too close to you in Western culture might seem a hostile incursion, but in other cultures personal space dimensions are different. Simply touching someone can calm an angry or sad person, or enrage or offend them, depending on the context. Sources Chandler, Daniel. Semiotics: The Basics.Klarer,  Mario. An Introduction to Literary Studies.Lewis,  Michael. The Big Short: Inside the Doomsday Machine. Craig, Robert T. Communication Theory as a Field  in Theorizing Communication: Readings Across Traditions.

A Proposal for the City of New York, the Avant-Garde, and Current Art Essay

A Proposal for the City of New York, the Avant-Garde, and Current Art Practices - Essay Example Wodiczko himself seems particularly tied to the revolutionary Situationist International, often referencing them in regards to his work. The Situationists incorporated Marxist ideology and combined the sense of political ideology and art. It originated in the late 1950s as a critique of capitalism. With regard to its social and artistic avant-garde structure, it harkens back to what Poggioli sees in The Theory of the Avant-Garde as the beginning of the avant-garde. Poggioli identifies the artistic origins in 1870s France as, â€Å"†¦the connections between the political left and the literary left were sufficiently clearly defined and important to a generation that experienced â€Å"L'Annà ©e Terrible,†Ã¢â‚¬  L'Annà ©e Terrible being a series of poems by Victor Hugo that fused contemporary French political concerns regarding the Franco-Prussian War with literary avant-gardism. Indeed, many writers have identified the early connections between artistic and intellectual movements and the desire to institute progressive social reforms. Linda Nochlin quotes art critic Thà ©ophile Thorà ©, who wrote in 1855, â€Å"Art changes only through strong convictions, convictions strong enough to change society at the same time.† In the early 19th century Henri de Saint-Simon suggested that to change modern society it would be only necessary to organize intellectuals and artists and join then with engineers and inventors.

Spontaneous face-to-face communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Spontaneous face-to-face communication - Essay Example It is also important to be able to reflect the degree of politeness in the process of communication. It usually takes more time to reflect the real essence of an individual in the communication process, because a spontaneous communication cannot reflect the real essence and the real inner world of an individual. Politeness as an integrative component of individuals’ communication between each other is often considered as means to â€Å"convey, interpret, maintain and alter social relationships† (Brown and Levinsion, p.5). Brown and Levinson (1987) are two scientists who studied the important role of politeness in the process of communication. They claimed that people are polite across cultures in order to facilitate the process of communication or to soften their desires or intentions. In other words, these scientists claimed that being polite is a threat-mitigating strategy used by individuals. â€Å"Face† in the process of communication The concept of â€Å"face† is the primary operating concept for these scientists that means the â€Å"positive social value a person effectively claims for himself† (Brown and Levinsion 1987, p.5). Any person may be afraid of losing his face in the process of communication. Nevertheless, the scientists underline that there are possible positive and negative faces that an individual may have. A positive face is more relevant to the majority of social actors. It implies that an individual is striving for high social esteem, social approval etc. A negative face implies that an individual wants to be autonomous, have his/her own will etc.

Why organizations changes as well as why they fail to change Thesis

Why organizations changes as well as why they fail to change - Thesis Example ent 52 Secondary Research 52 Interview 55 Types of research format 59 Structured format 59 Semi-structured format: 60 Unstructured format 60 Survey 61 Likert Scale 63 Data gathering procedure 65 Quantitative data gathering 66 Qualitative data gathering 68 Secondary data gathering 68 Online Interview data gathering 69 Statistical Treatment of data 71 Ethical Concern 73 Secondary Analysis and Discussion: 75 Secondary analysis 75 Discussion: 80 Results and Analysis 94 Questionnaire Analysis: 94 Analysis of the Interviews: 119 Conclusion and Recommendations: 127 Summary of Findings: 127 Limitations 130 Recommendations for further research 132 References 133 Appendix 141 Introduction: â€Å"There has been increasing research on organizational change that seeks to explain both why organizations changes as well as why they fail to change†. Most theories and literatures have been published between 1960s and 1980s. The dual authority in matrix organization has become as a controversial application and a big argument between pros and cons around the world. The main arguments and theories of dual authority in matrix structure have appeared since 1962 and until current days. The following studies show different views and perspectives between some authors and researchers which indicate that dual authority can be a real concern in the organization structure. Therefore I have selected the main arguments and studies which most of them still exist until now.   1- The book â€Å" MATRIX MANAGEMENT SYSTEM HANDBOOK† â€Å"1984   The author â€Å"David Cleland, professor of engineering management, Pennsylvania†Ã‚   Although the book was published before more than twenty years, I have found two critical points about implementing the dual authority in matrix organizations, one of them still take place in many books and many studies but without making sure of its validity   1. Under designing matrix structure and implementing the dual design, the author bel ieves that â€Å"the more differentiated the organizational unit, the more difficult it is to achieve the required degree of integration†. He believes that matrix organization must reflect the external and internal factors before the implementation and he sees the members as critical factor in this case. The author adapts the notion of Gannon which says that the highest degree of differentiation and integration can be attained with the matrix organization design. â€Å"P.234, section III, The human factor in matrix organization, MATRIX MANAGMENT SYSTEM By David Cleland†Ã‚   The question is   Does the implementation of matrix organization on the ground have really achieved the highest degree of differentiation and integration? (This can be tested by comparing the performance of the units based on the degree of differentiation and integration)   2. â€Å"Implicit in much of the thinking behind dual leadership is the notion that satisfaction and productivity can both be obtained simultaneously. One manager, with natural inclination toward the task or goals of the group, can place more emphasis upon planning, organizing, and controlling group performance. The other manager, with a natural inclination toward people can act as the satisfier, consoler, and emphasize. One works toward increased productivity, the other toward improved morale and group cohesiveness. Both styles are needed for group effectiveness

Role of Social Media in Developing Awareness

Role of Social Media in Developing Awareness Part A: Use of social media Social media plays an important role in awareness creation. It provides the best mode of communication to many organizations in the present world. It involves the use of social networks such as Televisions, face book, websites among other broadcasting techniques. Social media build an idea environment for interaction where people can meet and share their idea. Communication in the social media covers a wide area since many people are accessible to the information, for instance, many people can access information posted to a Facebook page. Information posted can be spread to many people over a short period of time. Advancement in technology has played an important role in improving social media communication. People who are a distant apart can communicate to each other as if they are close to each other. Many organizations have utilized the social media to communicate their agenda to the mass. This text will focus on Acorns Childrens Hospice, one of the social care organizations by an alysing how the organization utilizes social media to create its awareness (Firth, Luff, Oliviere, 2005, 58). Acorn children hospice trust is one of the registered charity organizations that offers network of care and support to the life-threatened and life-limited children and their families across the entire central England. The organization constitutes a well community team that offers support to families in their homes. Aware creation is important since it helps the family to mobilize resources and seek for support from various organizations in order to support the charity work. Social media enhances the acknowledgement of the organization and its activities globally and therefore, anybody willing to support the organization can do it from wherever they are (Firth, Luff, Oliviere, 2005, 56). The organization uses various social media to communicate on their values. These include advertisement through the television. This provides an ideal method of awareness creation since most people are accessible to television in the present world. The advertisements are made at a given interval period of time repeatedly so that many people can acquire the information communicated on the advertisement. For example, the North West hospice club jointly came together to launch a joint TV advertisement. The main aim of the advertisement was to raise funds and creation of awareness about their existence They also use Face book to advertise their services and terms of operation. For more emphasis, they upload the group photo of the children supported by the organization and post it on face book. Through these, anybody who accesses their page will see their existence. Face book forms one of the most used social media today. Studies show that most youth today are addicted to Face-book, approximately more than half the youth population in the world access Face book every day. They access Face book through chatting with friend and in the process they can come across the adverts made via the Face book. They have form their Face book link and twitter link that people can follow to access their information They also have a website where they post their activities and news. Anybody can access the information posted on the website when he or she visits the website. They have a well-organized website where they description. They have pages and links on the website that people can follow in order to partner with them in their activities. One can reach their site by clicking www.acorns.org.uk. Websites are not very popular compared to the Facebook and twitters. The advantage in the website is that they provide a deep description of the activities of the company and therefore, one can get full details about the company from their website. Advertisement on the website is conducive for the current digital world, the advertisement can be read by any person in the world. The only disadvantage with this kind of advertisement is that the analogue people may not get the information and therefore they may not get accessed to the information. This mode of awareness creation only favours literate peop le and this that the information is limited to the learned people who can access the internet (Brown Warr, 2007, 35). The organization also uses social interaction and engagement in social activities to advertise their existence. This provides one of the best way of awareness creation, however, it is only limited to the region where the firm is located. The children home is the official charity of Aston Villa. They have the acorn’s day where they engage in so many activities. Since people like football, the association of the organization with football enhance the knowledge of people about the organization (Tuten, 2008, 68). Internet is used by people of all ages and therefore it forms one of the major medium of communication and is used to replace the TV advertisement, magazine and newspaper advertisement because of their limited coverage and lack of standardization. Online advertisement does not limit the volume of information that can be posted on the net and therefore, it allows the organization to give a full description of their activities. The organization can improve their awareness creation campaign using the social media by forming a link that link that can allow people to access the information using the phones via the text message. The information presented in this manner will reach the biggest percentage of people in the whole world including people who are not accessed to network. Communications on the social media are usually communicated in English which is a common language of the social network. This limits people who cannot understand English from acquiring the information. The information can be structured in that it is communicated in various language that at least many people if not all can understand. The information posted should give a detail of their programs, their ambitions and visions as an organization rather than just communicating their existence. People will get attracted to the company and be willing to visit their social websites and social Face book accounts after learning of the organizational visions and operational strategy. Evaluation according to appendix 3 Does your agency use social media? (since when, in what ways) Yes, the urgency uses social has been using social media since the period when it was formed. The group uses TV, and social networks such as Facebook to create awareness. How successful do you think it is? The use of social network has helped the organization to get donors who support the program. How many of your staff have social media skills? About a half of the staff members have some skills in social media Do you use social media in direct service delivery? Yes How might your agency/organisation use social media in the future? The organization can advance in its use of social media establishing a data base that will be used to update the organization’s program to the interested people. Is there anything else you would like to say on the use of social media in social care? Social media plays an important role in awareness creation about the social care organizations. Part B: Reflective Summery Effective communication is fundamental factors in an individual’s life. It is the key interpersonal skill and learning how an individual can improve communication skills is an important value in life. Communication involves the sending of the message and receiving of the message. Engagement in activities in these modules has enhanced my communication and interpersonal relations in various ways. Proper communication and interpersonal understanding enhances the individual’s relationship in the social area (Donnelly, Neville, 2008, 37). It helps in avoiding misunderstanding and possible conflicts that may arise between two individuals. People conflict over issues because of misunderstanding that arises from poor communication skills. Eloquent speech shows maturity and organization in an individual’s thinking. Through the module, my way of information presentation has improved in that I can now present information in a way that it can be understood easily. One of the important aspects in communication that I learnt is the art of listening. Listening is a critical element in a communication that involves more than one person. It mostly affects the verbal communication. Poor listening leads to misunderstanding in the communication and this may result to disagreement between the parties involved in communication (Donnelly, Neville, 2008, 39). There is need of using clarification and reflections in order to understand the meaning and the intention of the communication from the other party to avoid confusion. Interpersonal skills help us to communicate effectively and interact with people in our daily activities. People with strong interpersonal skills are usually successful in both the personal and professional life. Good interpersonal skills bring out the perception of calm, optimistic charismatic and confident in and individual and these qualities are usually appealing to others. Through the module I have acquired confident to relate positively with every person I interact with unlike in the past where I could segregate myself and chose people to communicate with. Effective communication is a communication that is bias free and does not tolerate prejudice. Some of the interpersonal skills learned in the module include verbal communication, non-verbal communication, negotiation, listening, problem solving, decision making and assertiveness. I can now express my ideas in an organized manner and in a scenario where there is need of negotiation; I know the approach to take. The study about communication skills and interpersonal skills is an important study that should be encouraged in any learning institution. Many people lack proper communication and interpersonal skills and therefore, they cannot address matters affecting them in the best way. This is the reason why there is a lot of wars and conflict in many parts of the world today. These skills are also important in the development and success of any business organization (Koprowska, 2010, 128). Building good communication skills help in reducing stress. Proper communication builds friendship and strong social support to an individual. One can easily vent out issues affecting them to the people they trust. On the other hand, interpersonal skills enable an individual to make appropriate decision on matters affecting him or her (Whitcomb, Whitcomb, 2013, 190). People usually face problems and challenges in the daily life and the major problem comes when an individual has to make a decision on a given matter at hand. This is the point where many people fail and because they don’t know the decision making skills, they end up making poor and informed decision that causes a lot of problems in their life. The module enhanced my decision making skills in that now I can take time, analyze the problem and eventually come out with an appropriate decision. Proper communication needs experimentation and practice. The skills are learned through experience and they improve along the course of life. Communication requires application of ethics and etiquette. In communication, I have learned to be honest and never to criticize anybody during the conversation. Communication involves allowing oneself to be challenged by other people’s idea. One should focus on the conversation during the communication process and avoid any form of interruption that may deter effective communication. Some of the ways in which an individual can improve the interpersonal and communication skills are as follows. An individual may seek an opportunity to lead in order to improve on the communication and interpersonal skills. Leadership provides a god ground for training individuals on their interaction with other people within the organization. To improve on the interpersonal skills, one ought to take up proactive initiative in any position they are. For instance, in a business setting, one may bring up fellow co-workers together to solve a problem within the institution or develop a concept that will help improve the performance of the business organization (West, Turner, 2011, 25). Through such activities, one learns how to effectively communicate with other people and at the same time he or she develops the interpersonal skills. Interpersonal skills are also perfected through practice. For example, people may learn to express themselves by engaging in writing activities since through it, it train it help a person to think before speaking out. Writing requires control and therefore, it helps people to communicate to themselves. Internal communication precedes the interpersonal communication; consistent writing can help a person improve on the interpersonal and communication skills. On the other side, practice can also be conducted by rehearsing communication skills by recording tool. Learners can record can record themselves and later on listen or watch themselves speaking. In the analysis, the person analyses the effective use of body language, language command, and tone of voice and the level of confidence. Acting is an art that offers a good opportunity to relate with various groups of people. It can enable a person to build on language command and confidence. Through acting, a person gets a chance to communicate on the stage in a manner that the audience can understand and appreciate. Through this, a person is able to build on his or her communication and interpersonal skills. There are several leaders in many spheres of life who expresses good communication and interpersonal skills. Taking time to watch and listen from speeches made by such leaders may also guide an individual to enhance the interpersonal skills. Communication and interpersonal skills determines how far an individual may go in terms of social related activities. This means that it also dictates personal success, poor communication and interpersonal skills result into failure in life (West, Turner, 2011, 23). SMART action plan Learning Objective How will objective be achieved? Action Plan How will objective be evaluated? To enhance the interpersonal and communication skills Form discussion forums and social interactions that will help people develop courage and confidence Analyse the ability of an individual to communicate in a group of people To enhance proper relations and ability to express ones idea Practice a lot of writing art Determine an individual’s ability to respond to situation and interact with various people. Enhance decision making skills Identify a problem and try to formulate a solution to the problem Analyze the effectiveness of an individual to handle a problem.